Togo is a state in West Africa. The area is 56 thousand square kilometers. This small, narrow country stretches from north to south - to the hot coast of the Gulf of Guinea. The border runs in the north with Burkina Faso, in the east with Benin, in the west with Ghana. From the south it is washed by the Gulf of Guinea. The swamps and lagoons of the south turn into a plateau that gives way to the central mountains. North of the mountains, there is an arid savanna. Despite the fact that Togo is one of the smallest states in the world, eco-tourism has reached its zenith here. More than 17% of the country's territory is covered with dense forests. There is a large lake - Togo. A significant area of ​​the country is covered with savannas. The country's climate is hot. During the fall and winter months, harmattan winds bring sand from the Sahara, while rain is frequent in the fall and summer months.

History of Togo

• XV century: the Portuguese discovered the coast of the country and named it the Slave Coast.
• 2nd half of the 17th century: large ethnic associations with strong centralized power were formed on the territory of modern Togo.
• 1884-1922: Togo under the German protectorate. After World War I, the western part of Togo became a mandate territory of Great Britain (British Togo), and France received a mandate to govern the eastern part (French Togo).
• 1946: the country is taken over by the UN, control is retained by Great Britain and France.
• 1957: The British part (Gold Coast) is incorporated into Ghana.
• 1960: French Togo is declared an independent Republic of Togo.
• 1963: military coup. Adoption of the constitution, the name of the country became the Togolese Republic.
• 1991: introduction of a multi-party system.
• 1992: new constitution adopted in referendum

Population of Togo

The population is about 7 million people. Togo is a multi-ethnic state dominated by Ewe and Cabre. It is noteworthy that the majority of the Togolese population remained faithful to the traditional beliefs of the Aborigines. There are 36 ethnic groups in the country. 51% of the population profess local traditional beliefs, 20% are Muslims and 29% are Christians. The average life expectancy in the country is 62 years for men and 65 years for women. The urban population is 43%.

This beautiful land was first seen by the Portuguese in the 15th century. Togo later became a German protectorate. After the redistribution of forces in Europe, England and France claim the lands of Togo.

In 1960, the state became officially independent. Peoples living on the territory of Togo.

• Bassari
• Yoruba
• Somba
• Kabier
• Concomba
• Gourmet
• Kusashi

Togo Economy

Togo is an agrarian country with an unstable economy.

Agriculture of the Togolese economy accounts for 47% of GDP and employs 65% of the working population. Livestock raising is underdeveloped in comparison with other countries in the region.

The main crops grown in the country are: yams, corn, beans, sorghum, cotton, millet, cocoa.

The industry is underdeveloped. The country is mining graphite, phosphates, bauxite, chromium, limestone, uranium and iron.

The manufacturing industry is represented by the processing of agricultural products, the production of drinks. Several textile factories operate.

Togo cities

The table shows the largest cities in the country and their population.

Historically, it so happened that humanity seeks to divide the vast expanses of our planet into separate pieces. In the course of millennial conquests, each nation has its own territories - some have more, some have less.

We studied the names of most of the large countries at school, but few people remember about these states. They do not have huge armies or natural deposits, but are known for their tiny area. This collection contains the 10 smallest countries in the world!

10 Maldives

This ranking of countries is in descending order. Among the top tiny countries, they have the largest area - 298 km². But in terms of population density, this state can compete with any large country - more than 400 thousand people live here on such an area.

The Maldives is made up of 26 atolls, which in turn are a chain of 1,192 coral islets. The only city in the Maldives is Male, which is also the capital of this country. This amazing archipelago is a unique ecosystem with reefs, different types of fish and marine organisms.

9 Saint Kitts and Nevis

This small country covers an area of ​​261 km² and consists of two islets - Saint Kitts and Nevis. It is located in the eastern part of the Caribbean and has the title of the smallest state in the western hemisphere. The population of Saint Kitts and Nevis is small - only 50 thousand people.

The state is well known among tourists and the income from this destination is more than 70% of the country's GDP per year. Sugarcane and shellfish are also processed here. The largest city in this country, and also the capital, is inhabited by 11 thousand people. Saint Kitts and Nesiv have their own army of 300.

8 Marshall Islands

The Republic of the Marshall Islands covers an area of ​​181.3 km² of land. It is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean and is a chain of atoll islands. These islands were discovered in 1526 by Alonso de Salazar, and for many centuries passed as a colony from one country to another.

These 34 atoll islands are paradise these days. The territory of the republic has a unique head start and fauna, which, by the way, was almost destroyed by man. In the middle of the 20th century, the Americans tested a hydrogen bomb here. The explosion was so powerful that it surpassed Hiroshima 1000 times. However, the locals managed to slowly restore the ecosystem of the islands.

7 Liechtenstein

The European principality of Liechtenstein is tiny in size and is very famous in the world. Despite its area of ​​160 km², this state has a very powerful economy and developed industry. It can serve as an example for many powers thanks to its unique system of government, so that people lived here very well.

Liechtenstein is located in the Alps and borders Switzerland and Austria. The name of the country comes from the ruling dynasty, which has been ruling together with the Landtag for many years. The population of this European country is small - about 36 thousand people.

6 San Marino

On the sixth line of our ranking is the state of San Marino, which has an area of ​​60 km². It is unique in its location - it borders on Italy on all sides. The name of the country was formed from the name of the saint who founded it according to an ancient legend - the stonemason Marin.

With its modern borders, San Marino is considered the most ancient state in Europe, it was founded in 301. Almost the entire territory of the country (80%) is the foothills of the Apennines, so there is practically no arable land here. The population of the country is 33 thousand people with such a small area. This country has many unique architectural monuments on its territory.

5 Tuvalu

This small state in Polynesia has an area of ​​26 km². It consists of nine coral atolls, four of which make up the Tuvalu archipelago. The discoverer of the islands, Alvaro Mendanya de Neira, called them Lagoon, but they received their name Tuvalu only in 1975.

This beautiful place, however, was included in the ranking of the poorest countries as of 2016. The area of ​​the islands is decreasing from year to year, so in 50 years, according to experts, Tuvalu may completely disappear from the face of the Earth as a state. According to the latest data, the population of the country is just over 12 thousand people.

4 Nauru

The dwarf state of Nauru covers an area of ​​21 km² and was very popular in the middle of the 20th century. Such popularity was provided by phosphates, which were full of the territory of this piece of land. But today only half-ruined mines are left of phosphates, and the country's ecology was irretrievably damaged even for tourism.

Like the islands of Tuvalu, Nauru is located near the Republic of Kiribati and is 42 km south of the equator. This country does not have an official capital, and the population is only 10 thousand people. But, unlike Tuvalu, this dwarf country has begun to develop its economy and increase its birth rate again.

3 Monaco

The third line of our rating is occupied by the well-known European principality of Monaco. Probably everyone has heard about it, despite the fact that it occupies only 2.02 km². The legendary Monaco Grand Prix races are held here, and the casino in Monte Carlo is well known among gamblers.

The population of Monaco (with such and such an area!) Is 38 thousand people. This is a lot, but this popularity has its own explanation. For a long time, there was no taxation in Monaco, so many businessmen, wealthy foreigners settled here and large companies were founded. Monaco is ruled by Prince Albert II, assisted by a national council.

2 Vatican

The Vatican State, with its tiny area of ​​0.44 km², is a very powerful state that has been deciding the fate of many countries for many centuries. The population of the country is equal to the number of employees - 836 people. At the same time, the Vatican does not have any economy, and the country's budget is replenished only through numerous donations from Catholic organizations.

Here is the residence of the Pope - the heart of the Catholic Church. The state is located inside Rome and is directly associated with Italy. But despite its proximity, the Vatican gained its independence in 1929 and has been an independent country ever since. By right, it has the title of the smallest country in the world, but there is one more state that should be paid attention to.

1 Order of Malta

And the first place in this list is occupied by the state, which some countries do not recognize as a separate state unit. We are talking about the Order of Malta with an area of ​​0.012 km². This Order has about 13,000 members who hold the country's passports and use their own currency.

Not all countries recognize the sovereignty of the Order of Malta and consider it only at the level of diplomatic relations. The largest city of the Order is Fort Sant'Angelo, which the country rents from Malta. Aside from the shaky recognition of this sovereignty, the Order is the smallest state in the world.

All these dwarf states rightfully take their place in the ranking of the smallest countries. They are unique and distinctive, and most of them, despite their small territory, are prosperous countries.

African countries

Africa... Welcome to African countries... Get acquainted with the list of countries that are part of African... Their detailed descriptions, geographic location, capitals, flags, currencies, and more. Here you can find out what the climate is in these countries, a list of attractions that should be visited. You will find out what rules of customs control should be followed when entering the country. Get to know the peculiarities of the rules of local behavior and find out what dangers should be feared in a particular country.

4. Anthem

listen to national National Anthem of Cape Verde:

5. Currency

National currency of Cape Verde — escudo Cape Verde ( Cabo verde escudo) , letter CVE ... One escudo is formally equal to 100 centavo however coins denominated in centavos are not currently being issued and those previously issued are not legal tender. July 1, 1977 escudos Cape Verde replaced Cape Verde colonial escudo, which remained the national currency since the country gained independence on July 5, 1975, the exchange was carried out in a 1: 1 ratio. Currently in circulation there are coins in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 escudo, as well as banknotes in denominations of 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 escudo... All inscriptions on coins and banknotes (with the exception of the names of species) are in Portuguese.

Use the currency converter below to convert easily and quickly escudos Cape Verde in rubles, dollars, euros or any other currency of the world at the current exchange rate.

coins of Cape Verde

Cape Verde banknotes

6. Cape Verde on the world map

Republic of Cape Verde- a state located on the Cape Verde Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, about 600 km from the west coast of Africa. Cape Verde Islands are a cluster of 10 large and 8 small islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, divided into the Leeward and Windward groups. The Windward group includes the islands: Santo Antan, San Vicente, San Nicolau, Santa Luzia, Sal, Boavista. The Leeward group includes the islands: Santiago, Brava, Fogu, Mayu. Small islands: Branco, Grande, Dos Passaros, Luis Carneiro, Razu, Santa Maria, Zapadu, Sima. The total area of ​​Cape Verde is 4033 km2.

The relief is mountainous with a large number of extinct and active volcanoes. Rocky shores are difficult to access. There are very few natural harbors, the largest of which is Mindelo. Highest point of the country Republic- acting Fogu volcano (2840 m).

The vegetation of the islands is extremely sparse; Massive deforestation over the centuries has also affected the depletion of water resources: the river network is on the verge of extinction, short river beds dry up, filling with water only during the rainy season. The islands are seismically active, and earthquakes are frequent.

7. What to see in Cape Verde

Attractions Cape Verde- this is stunning nature, numerous architectural monuments and museums, high-class resort complexes and a unique underwater world. attractions Cape Verde:

• Guido do Cavaleiro peak (Santo Antan Island)
• Volcano Topu de Corot (Santo Antan Island)
• Pico da Cruz mountain range (Santu Antan Island)
• Mount Monte-Grande (Sal Island)
• wild beaches of Baia das gatas (San Vicente island)
• Mindela (MINDELO) - port city
• Fishing village Salinas (Fogu Island)
• Santa Maria market (Sal Island)
• CIDADE VELHA (Santiago Island) is the oldest settlement in Cape Verde
• Salt development Pedra de Lume (Sal Island)

8. Largest cities

Ten largest cities Cape Verde:

1. Praia (Praia) — capital and the largest city of the island state Cape Verde located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Senegal, on the island of Santiago. The population of the capital is 151,435 people.
2. Mindelo (Mindelo) - the second largest city Cape Verde located in the northwest of the island of São Vicente in the bay of Porto Grande, a natural harbor formed in the crater of an underwater volcano Population of Mindelo 70 610 people.
3. Eshpargush (Espargos) is the main city of the municipality of the island of Sal, located in the central part of the island. Population of the city of Eshpargush- 17,080 people.
4. Asomada (Assomada) - a city on the island of Sotavento Santiago. Since 1912, it has been the seat of the municipality of Santa Catarina, which includes the central western part and most of the interior of the island. It is the largest city in the region. Population of Asomad 12,020 people.
5. Pedra Badejo (Pedra Badejo) - a small town, occupying the 5th place in terms of population in its country (9 490 people).
6. Porto Novo (Porto Novo) - a city on the island of Santo Antau in Cape Verde, with a population of 9 430 people
7. Sao Philip (Saint Philip) Is a city on the west coast of Fogo Island. It is the capital of the island and seat of the municipality of São Filipe with a population of 8,190.
8. Tarrafal (Tarrafal) - a village on the northern coast of Santiago Island, 70 km from the capital of the state, the city of Praia, at the foot of Mount Graciosa6. Population settlement Tarrafal 6 650 people.
9. Santa maria (Santa Maria) Is a fishing and tourist town in the south of the island of Sal, with a population of 6,260 people.
10. Sal Rey (Sal Rei) - a city on the northwestern coast of Boa Vista island in the eastern part Cape Verde. Sal Rey is the main urban settlement of the island and seat of the municipality of Boa Vista, with a population of 5,400.

9. Climate

Climate in Cape Verde tropical fairly hot and dry. It is coolest in January - February, at this time the average air temperature is + 21 ° C ... + 23 ° C, but in the mountains it can be significantly lower. But in August, the archipelago is blown by southern and south-western winds that bring rain. The air becomes clean and cool, although it is drier in the mountains than on the coast. Daytime air temperature can rise to +36 ° C, and at night drop to + 18 ° C ... + 20 ° C.

The average annual precipitation is 100-300 mm, and their maximum falls on the period from August to October. On the flat islands, precipitation is rare, but in the mountains there are heavy showers, and can reach 500 mm per day. These downpours destroy the fertile topsoil.

From the sahara, from October to June dry and hot winds blow for several hours a day "Harmattan" bringing with it the heat and the smallest Saharan dust. It hangs in the air for a long time, forming a "dusty fog". The best time for travel to Cape Verde the period from August to October is considered when warm pleasant weather guarantees a comfortable stay.

10. Population

Population of Cape Verde 549 195 people (data as of January 2020). About 70% of the country's inhabitants - creoles(descendants from mixed marriages of Portuguese and Spanish settlers with Africans), 28% are Africans and 1% are Europeans. Each of the 9 inhabited islands can be compared to a miniature racial melting pot with its own cultural characteristics and local dialects, which have arisen from the mixing of Portuguese and various African languages. Thanks to the government's efforts to fight illiteracy, by the mid-1990s, 72% of the population could read and write. Average life expectancy of the female half population of Cape Verde is 73 - 75 years old, and male - 67 - 69 years old.

11. Language

Official languages ​​in Cape Verde are Portuguese and Creole ... In addition to Portuguese, many dialects are used from a mixture of Portuguese and African languages, of which the most common are Creole Criulu (a mixture of Old Portuguese and African Swahili) and kabuverdyanu ... Immigrants from West Africa widely spread the French language on the islands.

12. Religion

Cape Verde is one of the most Catholic countries Africa. Christianity, which has spread here since the middle of the 17th century, is professed by approximately 93% of the population of the islands. Of these, 90% belong to the Roman Catholic Church, 3% are Protestants (mainly parishioners of the Church of Nazareth). 7% of residents Cape Verde adhere to traditional African beliefs, are members of religious sects, or practice Islam.

13. Holidays

National and public holidays in Cape Verde in 2020:

• January 1 - New Year
• January 13 - Democracy Day
• January 20 - Day of Heroes
• May 1 - Labor Day
• May 10 - Mother's Day
• June 1 - Children's Day
• June 21 - Father's Day
• July 5 - Independence Day
• August 15 - Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
• September 12 - National Day
• November 1 - All Saints Day
• December 25 - Christmas

14. Souvenirs and gifts

Small scroll souvenirs and giftsCape Verde:

• african masks
• african textiles
• clay figurines
• bovine horn and coconut products
• turtle shell products
• carnival costumes
• ceramic products painted in accordance with national traditions
• carpet runners
• a piece of a volcano in the form of an ordinary lava stone on a substrate
• wicker baskets
• coral and pearl jewelry
• animal figurines made of wood

Cape Verde customs regulations do not restrict the transit of foreign currency, and when entering / leaving, filling out a declaration on the import / export of foreign currency is not required. Import and export of local money is prohibited.

Allowed:

Duty-free import of up to 200 cigarettes or 250 grams of tobacco, 2 liters of wine, up to 1 liter of strong alcoholic drinks, 250 ml of perfumery or 50 grams of perfume is allowed. Permitted duty-free import and export of fresh fruits and vegetables weighing up to 5 kg, as well as other products and things in quantities intended for personal consumption.

Forbidden:

Prohibited to import weapons, psychotropic and toxic substances, drugs and medicines containing opiates (an exception for those who have a prescription and a doctor's prescription). To the territory Cape Verde it is prohibited to transport plants without additional control procedures and phytosanitary certificates.

16.

Voltage in the electrical network Cape Verde: 220 volt, at a frequency of 50 hertz... Socket type: Type C, Type F.

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Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe) or full official name Republic of Zimbabwe (Republic of Zimbabwe) - a state located in the southern part of the African continent. Until 1980, the country was a colony and bore the name Southern Rhodesia , and even earlier on these lands there was an empire Monomotapa , the capital of which was called Zimbabwe. The history of these lands is very interesting and eventful, with a constant struggle against intruders from Portugal, British rule and racial discrimination. However, it was during the era of colonization that the country's economy was on the rise: agriculture, processing and mining industries were actively developing, and today it is one of the poorest countries on the planet. Zimbabwe attracts tourists with its natural beauty, national parks, caves with cave paintings of ancient people and of course the famous Victoria Falls.

Zimbabwe - "stone houses"

1. Capital

Capital of Zimbabwe- the most modern and liveliest city in the country Harare (Harare) , located in the northeastern part of the republic, at an altitude of about 1500 m.The city was founded in 1890 by British settlers and until 1982 bore the name Salisbury (Salisbury) ... Since 1898 the city was under a protectorate, and in 1923 Salisbury declared the administrative center of the self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia, in which the power belonged to the white population. Today Harare is the largest city Zimbabwe, its cultural and industrial center, with wide branched avenues, green parks, glass skyscrapers, perfectly combined with old buildings in the Dutch style. The main attractions of the capital are unique reserves of exotic African nature, the National Archives and the National Gallery Zimbabwe containing paintings by European artists and artworks made by local craftsmen. Near Harare is one of the wonders of nature - Victoria Falls.

2. Flag

Zimbabwe flag is a rectangular panel with seven equal horizontal stripes, with an aspect ratio of 2: 1. The stripes are located on flag in the following order: green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, green. On the left side of the canvas there is a white equilateral triangle, inside which, against the background of a five-pointed red star, a golden " bird of Zimbabwe " .

Symbolism:

• green color symbolizes agriculture in Zimbabwe
• yellow - a symbol of wealth in minerals
• Red color - blood shed during the war of independence.
• black color - ethnicity of indigenous African peoples of Zimbabwe
• White color - a symbol of peace
• bird - historical heritage of Zimbabwe

The stylized image of the bird refers to the valuable archaeological rarities found on the territory of the country - statuettes made of steatite stone, which have become the national symbol of the country. Today the image of the bird of Zimbabwe is minted on coins and placed on the coat of arms of the state.

Coat of arms of Zimbabwe It is a composition in the center of which is a green shield with 14 blue-white waves in the upper part, which is held by two forest kudu antelopes, standing on the top of an earthen mound, consisting of stalks of wheat, cotton, and corn sprouts. Ancient ruins are depicted in the center of the shield Greater Zimbabwe... Behind the shield, on the left side, there is an agricultural hoe and on the right side, a Kalashnikov assault rifle, which are tied together with a twisted golden-green rope. The coat of arms is crowned with a red star and the Bird of Zimbabwe, and at its base is a silver ribbon with the motto in English: « Unity, Freedom, Work » , which in translation means: "Unity, Freedom, Labor" .

Symbolism:

• antelope-kudu - a symbol of the unity of various ethnic groups in Zimbabwe
• earthen mound - the need for the constant provision of the inhabitants of the country
• green shield - the fertile lands of the country and the waters of the republic
• Greater Zimbabwe symbolizes the historical heritage of the nation
• hoe and machine gun - the fight for peace and democracy, as well as the transition from war to peace
• gold and green stripes - national financial companies and protection of the economy
• bird - historical heritage Zimbabwe
• red five-pointed star - a symbol of revolution, struggle for freedom, hope for a better future

4. Anthem

listen to national anthem of zimbabwe

5. Currency

National currency of Zimbabwe until 2009 was Zimbabwe dollar (zimbabwean dollar) (international designation: ZWL, letter designation $, Z $) equal to 100 cents. However, on April 12, 2009 it became known about the ban on the turnover Zimbabwe dollar... Instead, residents of the country began to use US dollars, British pounds sterling, as well as the currencies of neighboring countries with more stable economies.

In 2016 due to lack of cash US dollars IOUs were issued in the country - quasi-currency tied to US dollar in a 1: 1 ratio. In 2019 Zimbabwe decided to start issuing its own national currency again - RTGS ( Real time gross settlement- Gross settlements in real time) and abandon the dollar as a means of payment. Well RTGS not yet announced. According to the head of the Central Bank of Zimbabwe, John Mangudi, it will be established naturally during trading in the new interbank foreign exchange market. All surrogate currency and electronic dollars will be renamed to dollars RTGS.

6. Zimbabwe on the world map

Republic of Zimbabwe- landlocked state, located in the south African, bordering in the south with South Africa, in the south-west and west - with, in the west and north-west - with, in the east - with Mozambique. It has no outlet to the sea. General Zimbabwe square is 390,757 km², most of which is covered by a plateau Mashona and Matabele occupying the central part of the country. The average elevation of these plateaus is 1,371 meters. There are hills to the north and south of these plateaus Matobo and Chizaraira... From the east, the plateau is bordered by a mountain range - Eastern highlands with the highest point in the country - a mountain Inyangani (2592 meters)... The rest of the country is occupied by plains. Lowest point Zimbabwe- river crossing Rund and Save(height - 162 meters above sea level). The main rivers are Zambezi, Limpopo, Sabi, Shangani, Sanyati and Lundi... A large reservoir was created on the Zambezi River - Kariba, also on Zambezi is the famous Victoria Falls ... The width of the water stream in it is 1,700 meters, and the height is 120 meters.

7. What to see in Zimbabwe

Below is a list of the most popular attractions, to which you should pay attention when drawing up a plan of excursions in Zimbabwe:

• Devil's pool
• Victoria Falls
• Masuwe Nature Reserve
• Matetsi Nature Reserve
• National Gallery of Zimbabwe
• National Monument Great Zimbabwe
• Matobo National Park
• Huenj National Park
• Tully Park
• Zambezi river
• Ruins "Acropolis"

8. Largest cities

1. Harare (Harare) — capital of Zimbabwe- population 1 725 976 people
2. Bulawayo - population 748,674
3. Chitungwiza - Population 357,145
4. Mutare - population 185,273
5. Epworth - population 152,116
6. Gweru - population 141,816
7. Kwekwe - population 99,578
8. Kadoma - population 77,498
9. Masvingo - population 72,115
10. Norton - population 67,138

9. Climate

Climate in the northern part Zimbabwe subequatorial , and in the south - tropical, with three distinct seasons. The first season, the so-called warm humid summer, which lasts here from November to March, with an average air temperature of + 22 ° С ... + 26 ° С, the second season is cool dry winter(from April to June, with an average air temperature of + 15 ° С ... + 18 ° С, there are even frosts in the mountains), the third season - hot dry spring a (from August to October, with an average air temperature of + 30 ° C to + 35 ° C). Average annual precipitation in the Limpopo valley is 350 - 400 mm, on the plateau - 900 - 1000 mm on the plateau and about 2000 mm - on the Eastern Highlands. Their maximum number falls on the period from December to January.

10. Population

Population of Zimbabwe 16 943 178 people (data as of April 2019), of which 98% - africans , mainly peoples shona (about 80%) and ndebele (about 15%). In addition to Africans, the country is home to a small percentage of mulattoes and Asians (Indians and Chinese), as well as Europeans (British, Portuguese). Average life expectancy of the female half population of Zimbabwe is 52 - 54 years old, and male - 51 - 53 years old.

11. Language

In Zimbabwe, there are 16 official languages — English , shona , ndebele , Venda, sign languages, Kalanga, Khoisan languages, Kosa, Nambya, Ndau, Nyanja, Sesotho, Tswana, Tonga, Chibarwe and Shangani. However, the most common language is Shona, which is considered to be their own. "First" language about 70% population of Zimbabwe and the Ndebele language, which is To "relatives" for 20% of the country's inhabitants. English is used in business and is the main language for the majority of the population of the Republic. In secondary school, instruction is conducted entirely in English.

12. Religion

One of the most common religions in Zimbabwe is an Christianity , it is practiced by about 80% of the country's population. Of these, 10% are Catholics, and the rest are Protestants, members of sects, marginal organizations and adherents of Afro-Christian syncretic cults. 17% of the population of Zimbabwe adhere to local traditional beliefs, 1% are followers of Islam, 0.3% profess Judaism, Hinduism and Buddhism. Adherents of new religious movements are about 0.3%.

13. Holidays

National and public holidays of Zimbabwe:

• January 1 - New Year
• April 18 - Zimbabwe Independence Day
• movable date in March-April - Easter and Easter holidays
• May 1 - Workers' Day
• May 25 - Africa Day
• August 12 - Heroes Day
• August 13 - Defense Forces Day
• December 22 - National Unity Day
• December 25 - Christmas
• December 26 - Boxing Day

14. Souvenirs and gifts

Below is a small scroll the most common and popular souvenirs and gifts which tourists usually bring from Zimbabwe:

• drum of the Batonka tribe
• wooden giraffe on six legs
• wooden ritual masks
• wooden statues
• wooden animal figurines
• stone sculpture of the Shona tribe
• 100 trillion Zimbabwean dollar bill
• copper dishes, decorations, vases and cutlery
• soapstone figurines
• medicinal herbs
• jewelry

15. "Not a nail, not a wand" or customs regulations

Zimbabwe customs regulations do not limit the amount of imported foreign currency, however, the sum is over $50 000 are subject to mandatory declaration. Export of foreign currency is allowed no more than $10 000 for one person.

Allowed:

Allowed duty-free import of up to 200 cigarettes, or 50 cigars, or 100 cigarillos, or 500 g of tobacco, 1 liter of alcoholic beverages (over 25% of the volume of alcohol), or 2 liters of light alcoholic beverages (up to 25% of the volume of alcohol. Non-commercial amount of gifts and others goods for personal use.

Forbidden:

The import of hunting weapons and ammunition, automatic and military weapons, explosives, drugs and narcotic drugs in any form, medical preparations containing narcotic substances, raw precious stones is prohibited. The export of agricultural products, hunting trophies and unprocessed dredges is prohibited. stones, cultural artifacts and other objects of cultural significance, palms and any products made from them.

Pets:

For the importation of pets, a veterinary certificate and a vaccination certificate are required. Essential health information for travelers in Zimbabwe.

Malaria is present in Zimbabwe. Routine vaccinations are recommended for all travelers planning to visit this country. All travelers should see a doctor before traveling to the country to ensure that you have all the necessary vaccinations.

Voltage in the electrical network Zimbabwe: 220 volt , at a frequency of 50 hertz ... Socket type: Type D , Type G .

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West Sahara (Western Sahara) - a disputed territory located in the northwest African, which today has only been recognized by 84 states. Until 1976, the region was a Spanish possession and was called Spanish Sahara ... In 1979 West Sahara was occupied Morocco, only 20% of the territory remained unoccupied. On April 23, 2005, the Polisario Front, waging a guerrilla war against Moroccan troops with the support of Algeria, proclaimed Western Sahara an independent state called Sahara Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) .

West Sahara is located on the territory of the Sahara Desert, and in the west it is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. All the best resorts in the country are concentrated along the entire coast. It is here that travelers can find the finest hotels, restaurants, bars, sports grounds, and entertainment complexes, soak up the warm sand in a quiet and secluded place, swim in the clear waters of the ocean, get acquainted with the history and culture of the nomadic people of the Sahara.

1. Capital

Capital of Western Sahara town El Aaiun (El Aaiún) located in the northwest African, 20 km from the Atlantic coast. The city occupies the territory of an oasis on the southern bank of the Hamra river valley. Due to the fact that the city is under the control of Morocco, the actual provisional capital is the city Tifarity. El Aaiun divided into two parts: the lower one, which includes the old center, and the upper one, where the city administration is located. A dam has been erected a little higher than the urban area on Hamra, along which a highway of national importance passes.

The city was founded by the Spaniards and until 1958 was part of the Spanish protectorate. In 1975, after the Spaniards left this area, by decree of the ruler of Morocco, King Hassan, the territory of Western Sahara was occupied, including the city El Aaiun... From that period to the present time, the control of the Moroccan administration has been exercised here. The city is unusual in that many of its streets still do not have their own names. Only numbers are used to denote them. From the historical buildings, the remains of a Spanish fort, the Great Mosque and the Spanish Cathedral have been preserved.

2. Flag

Flag of Western Sahara is a four-color rectangular panel with an aspect ratio of 1: 2. The flag consists of three equal horizontal stripes: black, white and green (top to bottom). On the right side, near the flagpole, there is a red isosceles triangle, the base of which coincides with the right side of the flag. The white stripe depicts a red crescent and a star.

Symbolism:

• black color symbolizes death
• White color- a symbol of peace
• green color symbolizes eternal life
• Red crescent and star - symbols of Islam

Coat of arms of Western Sahara is a composition in the center of which are two crossed rifles with the flag of the country. Above the rifles are a red crescent and a star. Coat of arms framed on both sides with olive branches, and at its base, on a red ribbon in black letters in Arabic, the motto is written «حرية ديمقراطية وحدة» , which in translation means - "Freedom, Democracy, Unity" .

Symbolism:

• black color symbolizes death
• White color- a symbol of peace
• green color symbolizes eternal life
• olive branches symbolizes peace
• Red Crescent and the star - symbols of Islam
• rifles- a weapon with which residents defend the independence of the country

4. Anthem

listen to the national anthem of Western Sahara

5. Currency

The official currency of Western Sahara is an sahara peseta(unofficially, the letter designation is EHP), but in fact, in this territory, moroccan dirham , algerian dinar , Mauritanian ouguiya and Euro ... It is noteworthy that Saharan pesetas made only in the form of coins, no banknotes. The first Saharan pesetas were issued in 1990 in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 pesetas ... Currently available standard coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5 and 50 pesetas , as well as commemorative coins in denominations of 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, 40,000 pesetas from various metals: copper, copper and nickel alloys, steel, silver and gold.

6. Western Sahara on the world map

West Sahara- disputed territory in North Africa bordering in the north with Morocco, in the northeast with Algeria, in the east and south with Mauritania, and in the west by the Atlantic Ocean. General Western Sahara area is 266 800 km² Most of which is low and flat desert with extensive areas of rocky or sandy surfaces. The country's territory is conditionally divided into 2 regions - South (Rio de Oro) and North (Segiet el-Hamra). The lowest point is the Sebzhet-Takh depression (-55 m.), The highest is an unnamed mountain in the north (463 m.).

There are no permanent rivers, the soils are stony and sandy desert. The flora is quite poor - mostly shrubs and grasses, and only near rare oases and in the lower reaches of dry rivers do different types of acacias, thuja, palms and ficus grow. The main representatives of the animal world are wild boars, antelopes, snakes, cheetahs, jackals and hyenas.

7. What is worth seeing in Western Sahara

Below is a list of the most popular attractions, to which you should pay attention when drawing up a plan of excursions in Western Sahara :

8. Largest cities

1. El Aaiun (Laayoune) — capital of Western Sahara- population 183 691 people
2. Dakhla - population 58 104 people
3. Smara - population 40,347
4. Bujdur - population 36 843 people
5. El Marsa - 10,229 people
6. House - population 8,769
7. Mahbes - population 7331
8. Guelta Zemmour - population 6740
9. Bir Enzaran - Population 6,597
10. Tishla - population 6,036

Population data for cities in Western Sahara are presented for 2015.

9. Climate

Western Sahara climate — dry tropical , with rather high temperatures and frequent drops in daily indicators. The average daytime air temperature in the interior regions of the country is + 32 ° С ... + 36 ° С, sometimes it rises to + 50 ° С, and at night the air cools down to almost zero. On the coast, the indicators are more comfortable daytime air temperature: + 18 ° С ... + 22 ° С. There is very little precipitation and, as a rule, their average annual amount does not exceed 100 mm, and in most of the country even 50 mm.

10. Population

Western Sahara population — 622 823 people (data as of April 2018), the majority are Arab Moors. The country is also home to nomadic captivity regheibat, other Bedouin groups and settlers from Morocco. Average life expectancy of the female half population of Western Sahara 61 - 63 years old and male 57 - 59 years old.

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11. Language

Official languages ​​of Western Sahara are literary Arab and Spanish (formerly colonial language). However, the most common and native language for Western Sahara residents is an hassania(a colloquial variety of the Arabic language), which has the official status of the state language. In the northern parts of Western Sahara, prevails Berber language .

12. Religion

home religion in Western Sahara — Islam ... Sunni Muslims make up almost 100% of the entire believing population of the country.

13. Holidays

National and public holidays in Western Sahara:

• January 1 - European New Year
• movable date in September - February - Ramadan
• movable date in October-February - Eid al-Sagir (Eid al-Fitr), end of Ramadan
• movable date - first day of Muharram (Muslim New Year)
• movable date - Mawlid, the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad
• moving date in April - Eid al-Kabir (Eid al-Adha), the feast of the sacrifice
• May 1 - Labor Day
• July 9 - Youth Day.
• February 27 - Day of the Proclamation of the Sahara Arab Democratic Republic

14. Souvenirs and gifts

Below is a small scroll the most common and popular souvenirs and gifts which tourists usually bring from Western Sahara:

• wooden boxes and chess sets
• curved toe grandmothers slippers
• forged lamps
• cosmetics based on natural oils
• local wooden decorations
• local leather goods
• original openwork decorations
• spices
• cotton shawls
• wool carpets
• exotic tableware made of clay and copper

15. "Not a nail, not a wand" or customs regulations

Western Sahara Customs Regulations do not limit the amount of imported foreign currency, however, amounts over $ 1,500 are subject to mandatory declaration. you need an amount equivalent to 15,000 Moroccan dirhams or more. The local currency is prohibited for export, and you can exchange money back only on the receipt of the primary exchange. An amount in currency that does not exceed the declared amount is allowed for export, otherwise the purchase must be confirmed with a certificate from the bank.

Allowed:

You can import duty-free: 1 liter of strong alcohol and 1 liter of wine, one block of cigarettes, 250 grams of raw tobacco, 50 cigars, perfumery up to 5 grams and items for personal use. Professional video and photographic equipment can be imported with a special permit and entry into the declaration. A permit will also be required in case of transporting purchased antiques.

Forbidden:

The complete ban includes materials containing elements of violence, pornography and erotica, drugs, products that violate the laws of Islam and offend believers, drugs and weapons. Sports weapons and ammunition may only be imported with a special permit. It is forbidden to export objects of history and art for which you do not have an export permit.

Pets

Importation of pets (dogs or cats) can be imported into Western Sahara only with an international veterinary certificate.

Voltage in the electrical network Western Sahara: 230 volts , at a frequency of 50 hertz ... Socket types: Type C , Type F .

Dear reader! If you have been to this country or you have an interesting story to tell about Western Sahara, WRITE! After all, your lines can be useful and informative for visitors to our site. "Around the planet step by step" and for all travel lovers.

Zambia (Zambia) or the full official form - Republic of Zambia (Republic of Zambia) - a state located in South Africa... Independence Zambia acquired in 1964, and before that it was subject to Great Britain and was called Northern Rhodesia ... This is a country with an interesting culture, distinctive traditions, unique places that will be remembered for a lifetime. The most beautiful nature reserves are located on this land, with rare animals, various birds and unusual plants. Huge expanses of still unexplored national parks, tiny villages densely populated by local natives, world famous Victoria Falls and a life that has not changed over the centuries. This small African country has almost no cities, and the population is one of the lowest in African continent.

Egypt (Egypt) or the official name: Arab Republic of Egypt (Arab Republic of Egypt) - a state located in North Africa and the Sinai Peninsula of Asia. Egypt- the cradle of one of the most ancient civilizations, the largest country in the Middle East, located on two continents. The visiting card of the Egyptian people are the tombs of the pharaohs, pyramids, mysterious sands and endless deserts. In Egypt You will find not only an interesting excursion program, but also a comfortable rest at amazing beach resorts on the shore The Mediterranean and Red seas... There are all conditions for scuba diving, and the marine life is one of the most beautiful in the world. Egypt- these are upscale hotels and restaurants for every taste, bright and varied nightlife, exciting and informative cruises along the Nile on comfortable motor ships, evening performances in Cairo Opera House. Egypt- one of the most mysterious states, the history of which attracts tourists from all over the world, one of the most popular tourist destinations.

Djibouti ( Djibouti) , officially Republic of Djibouti (Republic of Djibout) Is a small African state in East Africa, located next to the restless Somalia. From the end of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century Djibouti was a colony of France, and only in 1977 the country gained independence. Djibouti- one of the driest countries in the world, the typical landscape of which are mountain ranges, extinct volcanoes and lava plateaus, there are hot springs and unique salt lakes, because of the white coating of salt it sometimes seems to resemble the North Pole. Here you will not see a bright, colorful jungle and rich fauna, on the contrary - desert Martian landscapes, the unusualness of which will take the spirit of even the most sophisticated travelers. Coast Djibouti has wonderful long beaches, a huge number of coral coastal reefs and magnificent laurel fields.

Djibouti is a country of "space" landscapes

1. Capital

Capital of the Republic of Djibouti- port city Djibouti located on the southern shores of the Tajura Gulf of the Indian Ocean. The city was founded in 1888 by the French as an outpost of their colonial expansion in eastern Africa. Since 1892 it was the administrative center of the colony French Coast Somalia, and only in 1981 Djibouti became a free port. More than half of the country's population lives in the capital, and its entire economy is built around an international port and a free economic zone. Djibouti... From colonial times to Djibouti remained the largest French military base in Africa, where a significant part of the French Foreign Legion is stationed, as well as a large American military base.

The urban space of the capital is divided into European and African regions. The European quarters near the port and the central Menelik Square are lined with Ottoman and Neo-Moorish buildings and are in stark contrast to the poor "folk" district of Balbal. The symbol of the capital and its main attraction is Presidential palace, in which the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers sit. Magnificent beaches Djibouti attracts diving enthusiasts and allows them to dive into the enchanting world of the Indian Ocean.

2. Flag

Djibouti flag is a three-color rectangular panel, the aspect ratio of which is 2: 3. The flag consists of two equal horizontal stripes: blue at the top and green at the bottom. At the flagpole there is a white isosceles triangle with a red five-pointed red star.

Symbolism:

• the blue color symbolizes the sky and water, namely the Indian Ocean, which washes the shores Djibouti and also the people of Issa
• green symbolizes the nature of Africa and the Afar tribes
• white is a symbol of peace and harmony

Coat of arms of Djibouti- a symbol of the confrontation between two clans: Afarov (Danakil) and Issa (Somalis)... These clans have fought against each other for a long time. When Djibouti was colonized France, the entire political life of the country was ruled by the clan danakil... But when the republic gained its independence and was no longer a colony, the rule passed into the hands of Somalis... These events in the early eighties led to clashes and discontent between the clans. Ten years later, they developed into a civil war, which ended only in this millennium. On the coat of arms of Djibouti depicts two laurel branches woven together, glorifying their state. The top coat of arms decorated with a bright red five-pointed star, and under it is a spear, covered with a shield. On either side of the spear are hands holding two drawn swords

Symbolism:

• laurel branches symbolize the glory of the young state
• spear and shield - traditional weapons of the local population
• hands symbolize the two main clans of the republic - Afarov (Danakil) and Issa (Somalis)
• red star - a symbol of the unity of the people

4. Anthem

listen to the national anthem of Djibouti

5. Currency

National currency of the Republic of Djibouti — djibouti franc (international designation - Djf ) equal to 100 centimes... Currently, coins are in circulation in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 francs , as well as banknotes in denominations of 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10,000 francs ... According to the data of the local Central Bank, there are also centimes - small Djibouti coins (100 centime equal to 1 franc ). But because of the rapid inflation, practically no one uses them. Well Djibouti franc To ruble or any other currency in the world can be viewed on the currency converter below :

Djibouti coins

banknotes (bills) Djibouti

6. Djibouti on the world map

Djibouti- a small state in the northeast African, bordering in the southeast with Somalia, in the south and west with Ethiopia, in the north with Eritrea, and in the east by the waters of the Strait of Bab al-Mandeb and the Gulf of Aden of the Indian Ocean. Republic of Djibouti Square is 23,200 km² .

The relief of the country is mountainous and is an alternation of mountain ranges and lava plateaus, with cones of extinct volcanoes. Highest point in Djibouti — Mount Musa Ali (height 2028 m), the Central part of the country is occupied by rocky, sandy or clayey plains, the lowest areas, which are occupied by salt lakes. Largest lake – Assal ... All rivers are drying up. The vegetation cover of the Republic is desert or semi-desert, the grass cover is very thin. On some mountain peaks and slopes there are rare forests of junipers, olive trees and acacias, and in the oases - palm trees.

7. What to see in Djibouti

Here is a small list of attractions, which you should pay attention to when drawing up a plan of excursions around Djibouti:

• Ardoukoba volcano
• Mount Garbi
• Mountain Hemed
• Mabla Mountains
• Goda Mountains
• Arrei Mountains
• Arta Mountains
• Boura Mountains
• Day Forest National Park
• djibouti mangrove swamp
• Hamoudi Mosque
• lake abbe
• Lake Assal
• Dumeira Islands
• Moucha island
• Khor Ambado beach
• Djibouti port
• Djibouti Presidential Palace
• Strait of Bab el-Mandeb
• Djibouti Tropical Aquarium
• Boin's fumarole field
• fumarole field Garbes
• Djibouti central market

8. Largest cities

10 largest cities in the Republic of Djibouti:

1. Djibouti - the capital of the Republic of Djibouti
2. Ali-Sabier
3. Dikhil
4. Tajura
5. Ali-Adda
6. Holhol
7. Yoboki

9. Climate

Djibouti climate tropical , extremely hot and dry. Average air temperatures throughout the year range from +26 ° C to +30 ° C, and in the hot season (June to September) - +36 ° C to +40 ° C. There is very little precipitation - from 50 to 130 mm per year, 95% of the days a year pass without precipitation. The water temperature in most bodies of water is 30 ° C ... 35 ° C and does not contribute to cooling at all.

10. Population

Djibouti population is 931 115 people (data as of February 2019). The majority (62%) are Somali peoples of Issa, Abgal and Dalol. 34% are Afars (or Danakil) and 4% are other peoples: French, Italians, Greeks and Arabs (mostly from Yemen). Living standards in Djibouti quite low, and more than 45% of the country's inhabitants are below the poverty line. One tenth of the Djiboutians are nomadic or semi-nomadic. The average life expectancy of the female half of the population is 44 - 46 years, and the male half is 42 - 44 years.

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11. Language

Official languages ​​of the Republic of Djibouti French and Arab ... On the French speak in educational and administrative institutions, in Arabic say Yemenis and other immigrants from Arab countries. The majority of the population speaks Somali and afar languages ​​belonging to the Kushite language group.

12. Religion

The dominant religion in Djibouti is an Sunni Islam , 94% of the country's population professes it, and there are also a small number of Shiites. 5% of the inhabitants of the Republic are adherents of Christianity, 1% of Djiboutians profess Buddhism and Hinduism. Some ethnic groups in parallel remain adherence to traditional beliefs.

13. Holidays

Djibouti National Holidays:

• January 1 - New Year
• movable date in December - February - Eid el-kebir (Muslim holiday Eid al-adha - Eid al-Adha)
• movable date in December-February - 1st day of Muharram (New Year according to the Muslim calendar)
• May 1 - Labor Day
• movable date in spring-summer - Mulud (Mawlid-an-Nabi, birthday of the Prophet Muhammad)
• June 27 - Independence Day
• movable date in October - Al-Isra al-Miraj (Rajab Bayram is a Muslim holiday in memory of the Prophet's night travel from Mecca to Jerusalem and back)
• movable date in October - November - Ramadan (Eid al-fitr, Eid al-Adha), the Muslim holiday of the end of fasting

14. Souvenirs and gifts

Below is a small scroll the most common and popular souvenirs and gifts which tourists usually bring from Djibouti:

• arafats
• pearl products
• coral products
• shell products
• embossed leather products (knife covers, bags, flasks, paintings)
• silverware
• leather jewelry (bracelets, necklaces, beads)
• beads
• silver jewelry

15. "Not a nail, not a wand" or customs regulations

Djibouti customs regulations do not limit the amount of imported / exported national and foreign currency.

Allowed:

Duty free import allowed up to 200 pcs. cigarettes, spirits (with an alcohol content of more than 22%) - up to 1 liter, liqueurs and fortified wines (alcohol less than 22%) - 2 liters, dry wines - up to 2 liters, up to 50 g of perfume, 1kg of meat, 2kg fishes. Food products must be labeled with expiration dates.

Forbidden:

Prohibited import drugs in any form, weapons and ammunition, printed and video materials of a pornographic nature. The export of historical treasures, corals, shells of sea turtles, other species of marine flora and fauna, as well as skins of wild animals is prohibited.

16. Voltage in the electrical network

Voltage in the electrical network Republic of Djibouti: 1971-1997 that was named Republic of Zaire and in 1960-1964 years — Republic of the Congo... Before 1960 year was a colony of Belgium. There are two states in Africa with the same name: Congo with capital Brazzaville and Democratic Republic of the Congo with the capital of Kinshasa... Both are located in the pool Congo river and on its banks. DR Congo- the second largest country in Africa and the eleventh in the world, which contains many national parks, reserves and other natural attractions that have remained in their original form. Despite its natural wealth, DR Congo is one of the poorest countries in the world. There are quite often cases of armed robberies in the country, including against foreigners. Visits to the eastern and northeastern regions of the country, along the borders with Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Sudan, where there have been years of fighting between government forces and illegal armed groups, is an increased security risk.

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Africa is the largest region in terms of area (30 million sq. Km.), Including 54 independent states. Some of them are rich and developing, others are poor, some have access to the sea, while others are not. So how many countries are there in Africa, and which countries are the most developed?

Countries of North Africa

The entire mainland can be divided into five zones: North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, South Africa.

Rice. 1. Countries in Africa.

Almost the entire region of North Africa (10 million sq. Km.) Lies on the territory of the Sahara Desert. This natural zone is characterized by high temperatures; it is here that the world's highest temperature in the shade is recorded - +58 degrees. The largest African states are located in this region. These are Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sudan. All these countries are landlocked territories.

Egypt - the tourist center of Africa. People from all over the world come here to enjoy the warm sea, sandy beaches and infrastructure, completely suitable for a good holiday.

State of Algeria with the capital of the same name, it is the largest country in terms of area in North Africa. Its area is 2382 thousand square meters. km. The largest river in this area is the Sheliff River, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Its length is 700 km. The rest of the rivers are much smaller and are lost among the deserts of the Sahara. Algeria produces large volumes of oil and gas.

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Sudan - a country in the North African region, which has access to the Red Sea.

Sudan is sometimes called the "country of the three Niles" - White, Blue, and the main one, which is formed as a result of the merger of the first two.

In Sudan, there is a dense and rich vegetation of tall grass savannas: in the wet season, the grass here reaches 2.5 - 3 m. In the very south there is a forest savanna with iron, red and black ebony trees.

Rice. 2. Ebony.

Libya - a country in the central part of North Africa, with an area of ​​1760 thousand square meters. km. Most of the territory is a flat plain with heights ranging from 200 to 500 meters. Like other countries in North America, Libya has access to the Mediterranean Sea.

West African countries

West Africa is washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the south and from the west. The Guinean forests of the tropical region are located here. These areas are characterized by alternating rainy and drought seasons. West Africa includes many states, including Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Cameroon, Liberia. The population of this region is 210 million people. It is in this region that Nigeria is located (195 million people) - the largest country in terms of population in Africa, and Cape Verde is a very small island state with a population of about 430 thousand people.

Agriculture plays the main role in the economy. West African countries are leaders in the collection of cocoa beans (Ghana, Nigeria), peanuts (Senegal, Niger), palm oil (Nigeria).

Central African countries

Central Africa is located in the western part of the continent and lies in the equatorial and subequatorial zones. This area is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Guinea. There are a lot of rivers in Central Africa: Congo, Ogove, Kwanza, Kvilu. The climate is humid and hot. This region includes 9 countries, including Congo, Chad, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola.

In terms of natural resources, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of the richest countries on the continent. There are unique wet forests - the Selvas of Africa, which make up 6% of the humid forests of the whole world.

Angola is a major export supplier. Coffee, fruit and sugar cane are exported abroad. And in Gabon, copper, oil, manganese, uranium are mined.

Countries of East Africa

The shores of eastern Africa are washed by the Red Sea, as well as by the course of the Nile. The climate in this area is different in every country. For example, the Seychelles is characterized as a humid marine tropics dominated by monsoons. At the same time, Somalia, also part of East Africa, is a desert where there are practically no rainy days. This region includes Madagascar, Rwanda, Seychelles, Uganda, Tanzania.

Some East African countries are characterized by the export of specific products that are not found in other African states. Kenya exports tea and coffee, while Tanzania and Uganda exports cotton.

Many people are wondering where is the capital of Africa? Naturally, each of the countries has its own capital, but the heart of Africa is considered the capital of Ethiopia - the city of Addis Ababa. It has no outlet to the sea, but it is here that the representations of all countries of the mainland are located.

Rice. 3. Addis Ababa.

Countries of South Africa

South Africa includes South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland.

South Africa is the most developed in its region, while Swaziland is the smallest. Swaziland shares borders with South Africa and Mozambique. The population of the country is only 1.3 million people. This region is located in the tropical and subtropical climatic zone.

List of African countries with capitals

• Algeria (capital - Algeria)
• Angola (capital - Luanda)
• Benin (capital - Porto-Novo)
• Botswana (capital - Gaborone)
• Burkina Faso (capital - Ouagadougou)
• Burundi (capital - Bujumbura)
• Gabon (capital - Libreville)
• Gambia (capital - Banjul)
• Ghana (capital - Accra)
• Guinea (capital - Conakry)
• Guinea-Bissau (capital - Bissau)
• Democratic Republic of the Congo (capital - Kinshasa)
• Djibouti (capital - Djibouti)
• Egypt (capital - Cairo)
• Zambia (capital - Lusaka)
• Western Sahara (capital - El Aaiun)
• Zimbabwe (capital - Harare)
• Cape Verde (capital - Praia)
• Cameroon (capital - Yaounde)
• Kenya (capital - Nairobi)
• Comoros (capital - Moroni)
• Congo (capital - Brazzaville)
• Cote d'Ivoire (table - Yamoussoukro)
• Lesotho (capital - Maseru)
• Liberia (capital - Monrovia)
• Libya (capital - Tripoli)
• Mauritius (capital - Port Louis)
• Mauritania (capital - Nouakchott)
• Madagascar (capital - Antananarivo)
• Malawi (capital - Lilongwe)
• Mali (capital - Bamako)
• Morocco (capital - Rabat)
• Mozambique (capital - Maputo)
• Namibia (capital - Windhoek)
• Niger (capital - Niamey)
• Nigeria (capital - Abuja)
• Saint Helena (capital - Jamestown) (UK)
• Reunion (capital - Saint-Denis) (France)
• Rwanda (capital - Kigali)
• Sao Tome and Principe (capital - Sao Tome)
• Swaziland (capital - Mbabane)
• Seychelles (capital - Victoria)
• Senegal (capital - Dakar)
• Somalia (capital - Mogadishu)
• Sudan (capital - Khartoum)
• Sierra Leone (capital - Freetown)
• Tanzania (capital - Dodoma)
• Togo (capital - Lome)
• Tunisia (capital - Tunisia)
• Uganda (capital - Kampala)
• Central African Republic (capital - Bangui)
• Chad (capital - N'Djamena)
• Equatorial Guinea (capital - Malabo)
• Eritrea (capital - Asmara)
• Ethiopia (capital - Addis Ababa)
• South Africa (capital - Pretoria)

What have we learned?

Africa is the hottest continent on Earth. There are 54 independent states on the mainland, which belong to one of five regions: North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, South Africa. The countries of Africa and their capitals are unique. Each country has its own characteristics and characteristics.

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This is a list of the 15 smallest countries in the world. Countries that can be compared in size to a small town. You can walk almost every one of these countries from edge to edge in less than a day.

The smallest state on earth. The Vatican is located on the territory of the Eternal City of Rome, on the hill of Monte Vaticano and has the length of the state border, only 3.2 km. In a few hours, you can easily walk around the whole country. According to official figures, the population of the Vatican is just over 800 people. Another 3,000 people are not citizens of the country, but they come here to work every day.

The Vatican is one of the largest open-air museums. Here is a real treasury of works of art and architectural monuments, relics of Christianity and unique creations of great masters are kept. A huge number of believers and tourists visit the territory of the Vatican every day.

The second place in the list of micro states is occupied by the Principality of Monaco. Its territory is 1.95 sq. km. The length of the state border with France is 4.4 km. The population density in Monaco, unlike the Vatican, is very high - the country is one of the most populous countries in the world. The locals are mainly engaged in serving tourists who are attracted here by the magnificent beaches and a huge number of gambling establishments.

The Republic of Nauru is a dwarf state on the coral island of the same name in the western part of the Pacific Ocean with an area of ​​21.3 km² and a population of 12 thousand people. Nauru is the smallest independent republic on Earth, the smallest island state, the smallest state outside Europe and the only republic in the world without an official capital.

Tuvalu is a dwarf Pacific state in Polynesia. The length of the coastal strip is 21 km. The state is located on 5 atolls and 4 islands of the Tuvalu archipelago. The total land area is 26 km². The population of the country is 14 thousand people. The islands gained independence in 1978 (before that the archipelago was a British colony).

The name of the country, translated from the Tuvalu language, it means "eight standing together" (meaning the eight traditionally inhabited islands of Tuvalu. The main problem of the islands is the rise in the world ocean level, which threatens flooding of many of the islands, most of which are located no higher than 5 meters above sea level The country lives at the expense of assistance from other countries, because it does not have its own natural resources.

5. San Marino

European state, surrounded on all sides by the territory of Italy. The name comes from the name of the Christian saint who founded the state. The country claims to be the oldest state in Europe. The area of ​​the state is 60.57 km². Almost 80% of the country's territory is occupied by mountains and rock massifs. Population - 33 thousand people. San Marino is one of the few modern countries with positive economic performance. State revenues exceed expenditures and the country has no external debt.

Another dwarf European state. The area of ​​the country is 160 km². The name of the country comes from the ruling dynasty of Liechtenstein. The principality is located in the spurs of the Alps, the highest point is Mount Graushpitz (2599 m). One of the largest rivers in Western Europe, the Rhine, flows through the western part of the country. The population of the country is 38 thousand people.

Despite its size, Liechtenstein is a thriving industrial country with a developed banking system. In addition, the Principality of Liechtenstein is included in the black list of "tax havens" - states where residents of other countries evade taxation.

The Marshall Islands is a Pacific state in Micronesia. The state is located on 29 atolls and 5 islands of the Marshall Islands archipelago. The length of the coastal strip is 370.4 km. The total land area is 181.3 km² and 11 673 km² are occupied by lagoons. The population of the Marshall Islands is 65 thousand people.

The maximum height above sea level is 10 meters. In the event of a significant rise in the level of the World Ocean or global climate change, serious environmental consequences are inevitable on individual islands.

The Republic of the Marshall Islands does not have a permanent military force. According to the signed agreement, the United States is responsible for the country's security and defense. They have a duty to protect the Republic of the Marshall Islands and its citizens from outside attacks and threats.

Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis is a state in the eastern part of the Caribbean Sea, consisting of two islands - Saint Kitts and Nevis. Both islands are of volcanic origin and mountainous. The area of ​​the country is 261 km². Population - 53 thousand people. The total length of the coastline is 135 km.

The islands were discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493, but the Spaniards did not colonize them. For a long time Great Britain and France fought for the possession of the islands. In 1983, the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis became independent.

The islands have rich tropical vegetation. The mountainous areas are covered with dense tropical forests and orchards. Vines, mangoes, bread and cinnamon trees, tamarind, avocados, bananas, papaya grow here. On the tops of the mountains, forests give way to meadows, with no less abundant vegetation. The forests are inhabited by numerous tropical birds and butterflies, monkeys are found. Many seabirds nest on the coast, including pelicans. The waters abound in fish.

The Republic of Maldives or simply the Maldives is a state in South Asia, located on a group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south of India. The state is a chain of 20 atolls, consisting of 1,192 coral islets. The population is about 330 thousand people. The total area is 90 thousand km², the land area is 298 km². The capital Male - the only city and port of the archipelago - is located on the atoll of the same name and is the smallest capital in the world. However, Male is home to a third of the country's total population.

The economy is based on tourist services. Hot, but comfortable weather all year round (air temperature from 24 to 30 °) made the Maldives a place of pilgrimage for tourists from all over the world. Fishing is in second place.

The Republic of Malta is an island state in the Mediterranean Sea. The country consists of three inhabited islands: Malta, Gozo and Comino and many small and uninhabited islands. The territory of the state is 316 km². The population of Malta is 420 thousand people. The country bears the title of the least populated state in the European Union.

The main branch of the economy of Malta is tourism. Most of the cultural and historical attractions are associated with the Knights of the Order of the John (Order of Malta). Malta is a popular destination for feature films due to its wide variety of urban and natural landscapes. Malta is the only country in Europe that lacks rivers, lakes and its own sources of fresh water.

Grenada is an island state in the southeast of the Caribbean, occupying the island of Grenada and the southern part of the Grenadines. The total area is 344 sq. km. Population - 110 thousand people.

The island of Grenada is of volcanic origin. In the center of the island lies a wooded mountain range, over which rises Mount St. Catherine (840 m), the highest point in the country. There are few rivers on the island, but there are many streams and springs. Grenada's economy is based on tourism as well as offshore financial business.

The song "Grenada" written by M. Svetlov in 1926, as it turned out, has nothing to do with the state of Grenada.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an independent state in the Caribbean. The territory consists of the island of Saint Vincent and 32 small islets of the Grenadines group. The area is 389 km². Population - 105 thousand people.

The active volcano Soufriere is located on the island of Saint Vincent. In our era alone, it has erupted at least 160 times already. The last eruption was in 1979. The beaches of the island are covered with black volcanic sand; the exception is the white sandy beaches on the southern tip of the island.

Barbados is a small state in the West Indies, located on the island of the same name, resembling a pear in shape. The island is 431 km² in size and is mostly flat with small hills in the middle. Population - 290 thousand people. Barbados is one of the leading developing countries in terms of living standards and literacy of the population.

The economy is based on tourism. Many historical sites are associated with the rise of piracy in the Caribbean. Also Barbados is famous for the production of the famous pirate rum. Approximately every 3 years the island finds itself in a hurricane zone and suffers greatly from the elements.

Antigua and Barbuda is a state in the West Indies, located on three islands - Antigua, Barbuda and Redonda. The total area is 442 km². Population 90 thousand people.

The main source of income is tourism. Antigua and Barbuda is ready to receive tourists 365 days a year. The coastline of Antigua forms many bays (in fact, these are relic volcanic craters) and an extended strip of first-class beaches (it is believed that there are exactly 365 of them on the islands). There are both beaches with developed infrastructure and completely wild, secluded corners.

The Republic of Seychelles is an island state in East Africa. Located in the western Indian Ocean, just south of the equator. The republic includes 115 islands, only 33 of them are inhabited. The islands cover an area of ​​455 square kilometers. The population of the country is about 90 thousand people.

The main source of income for the Seychelles has long been the export of cinnamon, coconut and vanilla. Since 1976, when Great Britain granted independence to the Seychelles, tourism (up to 75% of foreign exchange earnings) has become the main source of income.

The fruit of the Seychelles palm tree, which grows only in the Seychelles, weighs 20 kg and is considered the largest fruit in the plant kingdom.